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They aren’t new to us. They commonly happen in our homes and they are called household pests. They are cockroaches. These are within every aspect worldwide with special mention of tropics. Several types of cockroaches are already isolated from India. The most popular species are Periplaneta Americana and Blatta orientalis. They belong to the phylum Arthropoda and class Insecta. An order in which they are positioned is Dictyoptera. They mostly inhabit houses, restaurants, hotels, bakeries, food stores and in many cases railway compartments and ship holds.

Cockroaches are nocturnal insects which remain hidden through the daytime in cracks, holes or crevices of kitchens, godowns, hotels, public toilets, neglected bags, boxes along with other articles but emerge in the dark to be able to acquire their nutrition. They’re fast runners and run very quickly on being disturbed. Cockroaches also employ their wings to fly to be able to get off their predators. Body colour ranges from brown to brownish black. Person is dorsoventrally flattened measuring 3-5 cm long. Mouth bears mandibulate form of mouth parts. Eyes are compound like other arthropods designed for mosaic vision with a single ocellus. Antennae bear around 100 segments and they are filiform in form. Pronotum is characteristically large covering the dorsum from the head being a hood. Forewings are somewhat thickened and are designated as tegmina whilst the hind wings are membranous and fan shaped. Legs are cursorial. Males are recognized by the presence of a couple of styli for the last abdominal segment called sternum. Females bear a reduced ovipositor about the seventh abdominal segment. External genitalia of male are asymmetrical healthy.

The breeding season for cockroaches originates from March-September through which they continue to be very active. Copulation is followed by egg laying. Eggs are laid in bag like structures known as ootheca which can be deep brown in colour. Oothecae are marked by sculptured patterns and have a definite shape which is characteristic of a species. The volume of eggs in the ootheca is different from 15-40 arranged in double rows. Formation of ootheca takes a couple of days and frequently could possibly be found connected to the substratum. Female lays around 100 oothecae in her overall life span each containing 16 eggs. The hatching of eggs is dependent upon the temperature and humidity of the environment. They hatch after 35 days in summers but take 100 days in the wintertime. The larval development is also influenced by the weather conditions. Nymphs or larvae become adults in Half a year in summers but will take 24 months to get adults in winters. The introduction of nymphs into adults is of hemimetabolous type and they shed their cuticle during moulting. 10-13 moults have been notice from the life reputation cockroaches. Under favourable conditions 2-3 generations exist in 12 months otherwise only a single generation is available.

Cockroaches are omnivorous and feast upon many different food materials. They are dirty, distasteful and odoriferous creatures and therefore are attracted towards garbage, food stuffs consumed by humans. They enter any food material consume it, discolour and spot it with faecal material by leaving behind a foul smell. Also, they are referred to as transmitters of some diseases like tuberculosis, cholera, leprosy, dysentery and typhoid. Infestion of cockroaches in homes may be prevented by maintaining each of the pipelines, safety tanks, tightly sealed. Food stuffs ought to be completely covered. Insecticides may be used so that you can control them. Cockroaches may be attracted towards a source of food then might be killed. Every one of the crevices and cracks with the houses should be sealed.

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