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Lightning strokes, which amount to 200 kA or 300 kV, cause hazards to the equipment or location, so lightning protection is essential for operation.

Let’s focus on your initial note in regards to what is lightning and why lightning protection is really important. The essential phenomenon behind lightning is that charges accumulated in the cloud and the earth are equal and opposite. This forms a non-uniform potential gradient surface via a flight. In the event the gradient is greater than the potential in the surface, the breakdown occurs plus a "streamer" flows from your cloud towards earth.

A direct stroke occurs when the lightning hits the energy systems directly the immense potential may cause destruction in the equipment or facility. In comparison, an indirect stroke is carried out in the lightning discharges from the proximity with the power line or from electrostatic discharge on the conductor due to the charged clouds.

The key power system elements requiring lightning protection are power feeds, home security systems, telephone lines, data and control systems and RF cables.

Strategies to Lightning Protection. The rolling sphere strategy is utilized for identifying the complete positioning of the lightning and surge protection devices at the equipment under operation.

Protection in the power line against direct strokes is via a ground wire or protector tube. The previous produces electrostatic screening, which can be affected by the capacitances of the cloud to line and the line to ground. The second forms an arc involving the electrodes, causing gas deionisation.

Rooftop/Frame Protection. It really is interesting to make note of the building and rooftop frame or cladding is preferably metal than insulation type.

Installing a finial near the top of the ability tower must have the absolute minimum distance of 1.5 m above the highest antenna or lights. This kind of rooftop or building frame is constructed of reinforced steel for protection purpose.

Wooden towers without downconductors may cause a fire hazard, while they route the incoming charges to ground. In principal, for non-metallic roofs, proper downconductors needs to be installed with the appropriate location and height.

Device Protection. Antenna lightning protection is given through spark gap, the gas discharge tube and quad-wavelength shorted stub. The first method uses ball points so that if your strike occurs, high potential forms between them along with the ground. The next method causes gas deionisation through arc formation between your electrodes. The last method uses a coax transmission line over the transmission line to ensure system bandwidth is narrow.

A lightning arrester is a device offering lightning protection by regulating spark gaps. The device classification may vary from rod gap, horn gap and valve type to metal oxide lightning arresters.

Earthing and Bonding Solutions. Now let’s talk of how earthing and bonding solutions for lightning protection should be afforded. The style of earth rods, terminals or clamps needs to be you might say to route the incoming transients to earth to minimise step and touch potentials. The geometric measurements chosen should comply with the IEEE and NFPA standards. Any earthing system needs to have proper bonding, as ground potential rise can not be compensated. Again, the quantity of interconnects and spacing should be designed per the lightning standards.

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